CAS 7664-41-7 · REACH · European Union

Ammonia (anhydrous) under REACH

NH3 · 氨

Status: Registered. Ammonia is fully registered under REACH at the highest tonnage band (>1,000,000 tonnes/year). **Distinguishing pattern: Haber-Bosch process upstream of urea batch 5 + DAP batch 11 + AS batch 12 chains (~85% combined of NH3 demand) + Acute Tox. 3 inhalation H331 + Skin Corr. 1B + Press. Gas + Flam. Gas 2 + Aquatic Acute 1 + IN CBAM PHASE 1 SCOPE (effective 1 January 2026; transitional reporting since 1 October 2023) + China Highly Toxic + Hazardous dual-permit chain + global ammonia reshaping post-2022 Russia-Belarus sanctions (NEW combined).** Reg (EC) 1272/2008 harmonised: Flam. Gas 2 + Press. Gas + Acute Tox. 3 inhalation + Skin Corr. 1B + STOT SE 3 + Aquatic Acute 1. NOT SVHC. NOT Annex XIV.

Ammonia is fully REACH-registered with **substantial regulatory burden**: Flam. Gas 2 + Press. Gas + Acute Tox. 3 inhalation + Skin Corr. 1B + STOT SE 3 + Aquatic Acute 1. The most-imminent practitioner watch-item is **CBAM Phase 1 full carbon-cost levy effective 1 January 2026** (transitional reporting since 1 October 2023). Coal-fed Chinese ammonia (~70% of Chinese capacity) carries 2-3x higher embedded CO2 than gas-fed alternatives; CBAM cost differential reshapes EU lane economics structurally. Major Chinese producers: Sinopec, CNPC, Sichuan Lutianhua, Huachang, Hubei Yihua, Shandong Hualu Hengsheng. China dominates global capacity (~30%, ~60-65 Mt/yr ammonia). Production: Haber-Bosch (~99% globally). End-use: urea batch 5 chain (~50%), AN / CAN (~10%), AS batch 12 chain (~10%), DAP / MAP batch 11 chain (~15%), nitric acid (~5%), other (~10%). Russian + Belarusian ammonia under Russia-sanctions concern from 2022 reshaping global supply structurally.

Listing and threshold

Substance Ammonia (anhydrous) (CAS 7664-41-7), NH3
Regime EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
Jurisdiction European Union (EU-27 plus EEA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway)
Status Registered
Tonnage threshold Registration required for any importer or manufacturer placing >1 t/year on the EU market

Classifications under this regime

  • Harmonised CLP classification: Flam. Gas 2 (H221), Press. Gas (compressed / refrigerated liquefied), Acute Tox. 3 inhalation (H331), Skin Corr. 1B (H314), STOT SE 3 (H335), Aquatic Acute 1 (H400)
  • Signal word: DANGER
  • GHS pictograms: GHS04 (gas cylinder), GHS05 (corrosion), GHS06 (skull and crossbones), GHS07 (exclamation mark), GHS09 (aquatic environment)
  • IARC: not assigned (verify against current IARC list-of-classifications at https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications before relying on a negative classification)
  • NOT subject to Drug Precursors Reg 273/2004 (anhydrous ammonia historically used in meth synthesis but not formally scheduled under EU regime)
  • ADR / RID transport classification: Class 2.3 (toxic gas), UN 1005 (refrigerated liquefied) / UN 2073 (aqueous solution >35-50%) / UN 2672 (aqueous 10-35%)

Restrictions and conditions of use

  • NOT on REACH Annex XIV (Authorisation list)
  • NOT classified as SVHC
  • **Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): YES, ammonia is in CBAM Phase 1 scope** (Reg (EU) 2023/956 plus Implementing Reg 2023/1773). Effective 1 January 2026 with full carbon-cost levy; transitional reporting since 1 October 2023 (verified V22 audit; sources https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/oj and https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1773/oj)
  • NO active EU AD case on Chinese-origin ammonia currently
  • EU Reg 10/2011 food-contact: ammonia permitted as plastic food-contact additive
  • EU Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) requires permitting

Importer obligations

A non-EU producer cannot register directly under REACH. The EU importer of record must hold a registration or rely on an Only Representative (OR). **The most-imminent practitioner watch-item is CBAM Phase 1 full carbon-cost levy effective 1 January 2026** (transitional reporting since 1 October 2023; carbon-intensity verification + CBAM certificate purchase by EU importer). Major Chinese producers: Sinopec (Yueyang + Shandong + Beijing), CNPC, Sichuan Lutianhua, Huachang, Hubei Yihua, Shandong Hualu Hengsheng. EU domestic producers: Yara (Ferrara Italy + Brunsbüttel Germany + Sluiskil Netherlands + Tertre Belgium), BASF Ludwigshafen, OCI Geleen Netherlands, Borealis Linz Austria. Russian + Belarusian ammonia (TogliattiAzot, Acron, EuroChem, Grodno Azot) under broader Russia-sanctions concern from 2022 reshaping global ammonia supply.

Required documents

  • REACH registration number on the EU side (registrant or OR-appointed)
  • Safety Data Sheet (SDS) compliant with REACH Annex II reflecting H221 / H314 / H331 / H335 / H400 classification
  • CLP-compliant labelling with GHS04 + GHS05 + GHS06 + GHS07 + GHS09 pictograms and DANGER signal word
  • Customs entry with HS code 281410 (anhydrous) / 281420 (aqueous)
  • ADR consignment note for transport (Class 2.3 toxic gas, UN 1005 / 2073 / 2672)
  • **CBAM Phase 1 carbon-intensity verification documentation** for EU importer (transitional reporting since October 2023; full carbon-cost levy from January 2026)
  • **CBAM certificate purchase** by EU importer (effective January 2026)

Common compliance traps

The pitfalls that have bitten importers on this lane in the past. None of these is theoretical.

  • **CBAM Phase 1 full carbon-cost levy effective 1 January 2026** is the most-imminent practitioner watch-item; ammonia is in scope as a fertiliser-feedstock chemical
  • Coal-fed Chinese ammonia (~70% of Chinese capacity) carries 2-3x higher embedded CO2 than gas-fed alternatives (Russian + Middle East gas-route); CBAM cost differential reshapes EU lane economics structurally
  • **Acute Tox. 3 inhalation + Press. Gas + Skin Corr. 1B + Aquatic Acute 1 hazard profile** drives substantial workplace exposure-control + waste-discharge overhead
  • NOT SVHC (despite Press. Gas + Acute Tox. 3 + Skin Corr. 1B; kept off because of essential industrial use; ~85% of NH3 demand is fertiliser chain)
  • NO active EU AD case on Chinese ammonia currently
  • Major Chinese producers: Sinopec (Yueyang + Shandong + Beijing), CNPC, Sichuan Lutianhua, Huachang, Hubei Yihua, Shandong Hualu Hengsheng. China dominates global capacity (~30%, ~60-65 Mt/yr ammonia)
  • Production: Haber-Bosch process (steam reforming plus N2 fixation; ~96 percent of global ammonia production per V29 audit, sourced from industry and Wikipedia primary references; prior dataset asserted ~99 percent which was generalised in the same direction but slightly overstated)
  • End-use mix: urea (batch 5 chain, ~50% of NH3 demand), AN / CAN (~10%), AS (batch 12 chain, ~10%), DAP / MAP (batch 11 chain, ~15%), nitric acid (~5%), other (~10%)
  • Russian + Belarusian ammonia under broader Russia-sanctions concern from 2022 reshaping global supply structurally

Where to read next

For substance-level identifiers (formula, molecular weight, SMILES, InChIKey), GHS hazard profile, IMDG transport class, and full sourcing reference for ammonia (anhydrous), see the CAS 7664-41-7 sourcing reference.

For grade-by-grade buying notes, freight maths, supplier-tier pricing, and a worked landed-cost example, the ammonia (anhydrous) cornerstone hub covers the full sourcing chain.

For the structure and history of REACH, see the REACH glossary entry.

Need cross-jurisdiction compliance support on this substance? Run it through the REACH / TSCA / IECSC / AICIS / K-REACH checker, or send us the substance and the destination and we will quote FOB China and CIF / DDP landed including the regulatory work on the destination side.

Read next

Cross-jurisdiction profile and sourcing references

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